====== 3. Feeling Cool (Conduction) ======
PROBLEM
    * Students investigate properties of materials and use their understanding of temperature to explain why different materials feel warmer or cooler than each-other.

CURRICULUM LINK
  * Students observe the effects of heat moving from one object to another, eg the feeling when hands are placed on warm or cold materials
  * Describes everyday interactions between objects that result from contact and non-contact forces

METHOD
  - Student scientists are divided into two groups:
    - One (or more) 'hot' group(s) and one (or more) 'cool' group(s).
  - Student scientists create two very simple two-row tables - a 'hot' table and a 'cool' table
  - Students scientists set up materials on a table in the playground before recess.
  - Dureing recess, student scientists ask other students to touch each of the materials and state which material that they think feels coldest and which they think feels warmest.
  - Student scientists record their results in a table:
    - Students scientist in the '//hot//' group record the item that people say is warmest.
    - Students scientist in the '//cool//' group record what material people say is coolest.
    - Both groups should measure the temperature of each item (using an infra-red thermometer) at the start and at the end of their experiment. The measured temperatures should be recorded in a third, separate table. For example:

^Infra-red Measured Temperature  ^Plastic ^Paper ^Metal ^Wood ^
|START of experiment             |        |      |      |     |
|END of experiment               |        |      |      |     |

Scientists in the '//hot//' group ask: 'What item do you think feels WARMEST:' and enter the reply in a table
^Which of these materials ^Plastic ^Paper ^Metal ^Wood ^
^Feels WARMEST            |        |      |      |     |

Scientists in the '//cool//' group ask: 'What item do you think feels WARMEST:' and enter the reply in a table - In the top row, tick the box of the item people say is COOLEST:
^Which of these materials ^Plastic ^Paper ^Metal ^Wood ^
^Feels COOLEST            |        |      |      |     |

The tables can simply be created and results entered using pen and paper, and then transferred later into a Google sheet.
 
OPTIONAL EXTENSION 
  * Create a Google form/sheet and have students enter data in real-time using iPad or similar mobile device

Students combine discuss/graph/analyse the results that they obtained. For example:
<WRAP box>
Using results that you wrote down, discuss what you observed and what that might show about heat and different materials.
</WRAP>

=== Table 2. INFRA-RED - Properties Of Materials Survey: ===
Discuss the results of your //Heat Prediction Survey// results (see example table above).

EXAMPLE QUESTIONS
    - Does a metal ruler feel colder or warmer than a wooden ruler?
    - What materials do most people think feels warmer or cooler?
    - Can we trust that the way things feel to us will be the same to someone else?
    - How can we find a way to agree about the temperature of different materials? 
    - What does 'thermal equilibrium' mean
    - How can you check that the concept of 'thermal equilibrium' is correct?
    - Can you convince others that you are correct?

Some example answers:
  * **My results for Table 1** (above) show that most adults and students (66%) think that metal is colder than wood.
  * **When measured with a thermometer** the temperature of metal and wood were ...  ...
  * This confirms the misconceptions that most people may have (as described in  Video 1. above). Most people think....
  * I think the reason that the metal and wood are the same temperature is because...

QUESTIONS
  * What is 'radiation'
  * What kid of stuff gets 'radiated'
  * What things would you say 'radiate' stuff
  * What is 'infra-red' and how can we use it to measure temperature?

DISCUSSION
  * Share and compare you solution and convince others that your explanation is correct.

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=== Video - Eureka - Conduction (2min) ===
{{ youtube>wV7gzcKegdU?640x360 |Infra-red Radiation- How it works}}
  * IF UNABLE TO ACCESS YOUTUBE, TRY:[[http://viewpure.com/wV7gzcKegdU|Viewpure]]

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=== EXAMPLE MISCONCEPTION-BASED ACTIVITY - HOW WE SENSE HOT AND COLD ===
{{ youtube>hNGJ0WHXMyE?640x360 |Misconception - How humans sense hot and cold}}
  * IF UNABLE TO ACCESS YOUTUBE, TRY:[[http://viewpure.com/hNGJ0WHXMyE|Viewpure]]

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=== Video - Veritasium - States of Matter (2 molecules of H + 1 molecule of O) (3min) ===
{{ youtube>KCL8zqjXbME?640x360 |Eureka - Veritasium - States of Matter}}
  * IF UNABLE TO ACCESS YOUTUBE, TRY:[[http://viewpure.com/KCL8zqjXbME|Viewpure]]

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=== Video - Eureka - Dancing Molecules (in Solids) (3min) ===
{{ youtube>4TPV3V39PMI?640x360 |Eureka - Dancing Molecules}}
  * IF UNABLE TO ACCESS YOUTUBE, TRY:[[http://viewpure.com/4TPV3V39PMI|Viewpure]]

  * **[[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w_mOvnv1ns4|DANCING MOLECULES IN LIQUIDS (3min)]]**
  * **[[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M9gsOEF71bY|DANCING MOLECULES IN VAPOUR (3min)]]**   

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